Why are rice paddies flooded

Cloudiness lessens the process of food-producing photosynthesis. Less sunlight makes rice plant to weaken and lodge. Some pests also attack rice crops grown in flooded fields, such as the yellow stemborer and the ufra nematode. At the field, different varieties have different reactions to flooding. Plants damaged by flooding are usually elongated and weak.

Plants lose color turning gradually white, and leaves have a mud film. The symptoms of flooding are similar to lodging due to strong wind, strong rainfall, and long period eg. Submergence-tolerant varieties in IRRI experiment plots. Damage is most severe during flowering. Roots also need to take up water from the soil to support plant growth. Nevertheless, plants growing in flooded or waterlogged soil can die from lack of oxygen, as water fills the spaces between the soil grains and prevents respiration in root cells.

Rice is a crop that can flourish in flooded soils, whereas many other plants will die, so flooding of rice paddies is an important way to control weeds in rice fields. However, even rice plants can suffer yield loss or die if the water is too deep for a long time. Aerenchyma thus play an important role in the survival of rice and other plants under waterlogged conditions. In response to oxygen deficiency, root cells produce highly reactive molecules called reactive oxygen species ROS.

The concentration of calcium ions also increases prior to aerenchyma formation. These observations led Yamauchi et al. Their primary question was to understand how ROS and calcium ions might work together to promote aerenchyma formation in rice. The genes encoding these enzymes are highly expressed in rice roots under waterlogged conditions. Santegoeds C. Nold S. Ramsing N. Ferris M. Bateson M. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 71 , — De Vries E. Gottschal J. Harder W.

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Volume Article Contents Abstract. Microbiology of flooded rice paddies. Werner Liesack , Werner Liesack. Oxford Academic. Niels Peter Revsbech. Revision received:. Select Format Select format. Permissions Icon Permissions. Abstract Flooded rice paddies are one of the major biogenic sources of atmospheric methane. Open in new tab Download slide. Google Scholar Crossref. Search ADS. Changing concentration, lifetime and climate forcing of atmospheric methane. Carbon in methane sources and in atmospheric methane: the contribution from fossil carbon.

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